Karl benz children

Karl Friedrich Benz, for whom an alternate French spelling of Carl is used occasionally, (November 25, , Karlsruhe, Germany – April 4, , Ladenburg, Germany) was a German engine designer and automobile engineer, generally regarded as the inventor of the gasoline-powered automobile. Other German contemporaries, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, also worked independently on the same type of invention, but Benz patented his work first and, after that, patented all of the processes that made the internal combustion engine feasible for use in automobiles.

In Benz was granted a patent for his first engine, which he designed in

In , Benz created the Motorwagen, the first commercial automobile. It was powered by a four-strokegasoline engine, which was his own design. He was granted a patent for his automobile which was dated January 29, The automobile had three wheels, being steered by the front wheel and with the passengers and the engine being supported by the two wheels in the rear—some now refer to it as the Tri-Car.

Among other things, he invented the speed regulation system known also as an accelerator, ignition using sparks from a battery, the spark plug, the clutch, the gear shift, the water radiator, and the carburetor.^[1]

In , Benz also introduced the axle-pivot steering system in his Victoria model.

The Benz Victoria was designed for two passengers and intended to be sold for a lower cost to encourage mass production of the automobile.

In , Karl Benz designed and patented the first internal combustion flat engine with horizontally-opposed pistons, a design that is still used in some high performance engines used in racing cars.

Karl Benz founded the Benz Company, precursor of Daimler-Benz,Mercedes-Benz, and DaimlerChrysler. Before dying he would witness the explosion of automobile use during the s, thanks to his inventions.

Early life

Karl Benz was born Karl Friedrich Michael Vaillant, in Karlsruhe, Baden, which is part of modern Germany, to Josephine Vaillant and a locomotive driver, Johann George Benz, whom she married a few months later.^{[2][3][4][5][6]} When he was two years old, his father was killed in a railway accident, and his name was changed to Karl Friedrich Benz in remembrance of his father.^[7]

Despite living near poverty, his mother strove to give him a good education.

Benz attended the local Grammar School in Karlsruhe and was a prodigious student. In , at the age of nine he started at the scientifically oriented Lyzeum.

Karl benz history biography projects wikipedia: The training started in Karlsruhe with two years of varied jobs in a mechanical engineering company. It was the first automobile entirely designed as such, not simply a motorized carriage, which is why Karl Benz is regarded by many as the inventor of the automobile. Carl Benz, Bertha Benz, and their son, Eugen, moved 10 kilometres 6. Archived from the original on 27 September

Next he studied in the Poly-Technical University under the instruction of Ferdinand Redtenbacher.

Benz had originally focused his studies on locksmithing, but eventually followed his father's steps toward locomotive engineering. On September 30, , at age fifteen he passed the entrance exam for mechanical engineering at the University of Karlsruhe which he subsequently attended.

Karl Benz was graduated from the university on July 9, at the age of

During these years, while riding his bicycle he started to envision concepts for a vehicle that would eventually become the horseless carriage.

Following his formal education, Benz had seven years of professional training in several companies, but did not fit well in any of them.

The training started in Karlsruhe with two years of varied jobs in a mechanical engineering company. He then moved to Mannheim to work as a draftsman and designer in a scales factory. In he went to Pforzheim to work for a bridge building company Gebrüder Benckiser Eisenwerke und Maschinenfabrik. Finally, he went to Vienna for a short period to work at an ironconstruction company.

Benz's Factory and his first inventions ( to )

In , at the age of 27, Karl Benz joined August Ritter in launching a mechanical workshop in Mannheim, also dedicated to supplying construction materials: the Iron Foundry and Mechanical Workshop, later renamed, Factory for Machines for Sheet-metal Working.

The enterprise's first year was a complete disaster.

Ritter turned out to be unreliable and local authorities confiscated the business. Benz then bought out Ritter's share in the company using the dowry provided by the father of his fiancée, Bertha Ringer.

In July 20, Karl Benz and Bertha Ringer married, later having five children: Eugen (), Richard (), Clara (), Thilde (), and Ellen ().

Despite such business misfortunes, Karl Benz led in the development of new engines. To get more revenues, in he began to work on new patents. First, he concentrated all his efforts on creating a reliable gas two-stroke engine, based on Nikolaus Otto's design of the four-stroke engine. A patent on the design by Otto had been declared void.

Karl benz history biography projects for kids The business initially focused on stationary engines, but Benz continued to work on his dream of creating a motorcar. This limitation was rectified after Bertha Benz drove one of the vehicles a great distance and suggested to her husband the addition of a third gear for climbing hills. In , Benz was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame. Hidden categories: Pages using the Phonos extension CS1 German-language sources de Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from February Articles with German-language sources de Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Use dmy dates from March Biography with signature Articles with hCards Pages with German IPA Pages including recorded pronunciations All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May All articles with vague or ambiguous time Vague or ambiguous time from May Articles with unsourced statements from June Articles with unsourced statements from July Vague or ambiguous time from November Articles with unsourced statements from November Commons category link from Wikidata.

Benz finished his two-stroke engine on December 31, , New Year's Eve, and was granted a patent for it in

Karl Benz showed his real genius, however, through his successive inventions registered while designing what would become the production standard for his two-stroke engine. Benz soon patented the speed regulation system, the ignition using sparks with battery, the spark plug, the carburetor, the clutch, the gear shift, and the water radiator.

Benz's Gasmotoren-Fabrik Mannheim ( to )

Problems arose again when the banks at Mannheim demanded that Karl Benz's Gas Factory enterprise be incorporated due to the high production costs it maintained. Benz was forced to improvise an association with photographer Emil Bühler and his brother (a cheese merchant), in order to get additional bank support.

The company became the joint-stock company Gasmotoren Fabrik Mannheim in

After all the necessary agreements, Benz was unhappy because he was left with merely 5 percent of the shares and a modest position as director. Worst of all, his ideas weren't considered when designing new products, so he withdrew from that corporation just one year later, in

Benz & Cie.

and the Motorwagen

Benz Patent Motorwagen
Three wheels
Electric ignition
Differential rear end gears (mechanically operated inlet valves)
Water-cooled engine
Gas or petrol four-stroke horizontal engine
Single cylinder. Bore mm, Stroke mm
Patent model: cc, hp, W, 16 km/h
Commercialized model: cc, ¾ hp, 8 mph
Steering wheel chained to front axle

Benz's lifelong hobby brought him to a bicycle repair shop in Mannheim owned by Max Rose and Friedrich Wilhelm Eßlinger. In , the three founded a new company producing industrial machines: Benz & Company Rheinische Gasmotoren-Fabrik, usually referred to as Benz & Cie. Quickly growing to 25 employees, it soon began to produce gas engines as well.

The company gave Benz the opportunity to indulge in his old passion of designing a horseless carriage. Based on his experience with, and fondness for, bicycles, he used similar technology when he created an automobile with a four-stroke engine of his own design between the rear wheels. Power was transmitted by means of two roller chains to the rear axle.

Karl benz history biography projects list Cars and trucks still operate with many of Benz's inventions and innovations, and his name lives on in the car company Mercedes-Benz. Many of the early Benz automobiles were indeed built in France and sold by Roger, since the Parisians were more inclined to purchase automobiles at the time. Archived from the original on 8 March Advertisement - Continue Reading Below.

Karl Benz finished his creation in and named it the Benz Patent Motorwagen. It was the first automobile entirely designed as such, not simply a motorized carriage, which is why Karl Benz is regarded by many as the inventor of the automobile.

The beginnings of the Motorwagen in were less than spectacular. The tests often attracted many onlookers who laughed mockingly when it smashed against a wall because it initially was so difficult to control.

The Motorwagen was patented on January 29, as DRP "automobile fueled by gas".^[8] The first successful tests were carried out in the early summer of on public roads. The next year Benz created the Motorwagen Model 2 which had several modifications, and in , the definitive Model 3 with wooden wheels was introduced.

Benz began to sell the vehicle—advertising it as the Benz Patent Motorwagen—making it the first commercially available automobile in history. The first customer, in late summer of , is alleged later to have been committed to an insane asylum. The second buyer, the Parisian Emile Roger, who purchased an Benz, had a profound effect on Benz's success.

Roger had been building Benz engines under a license from Karl Benz for several years, and in , decided to add his automobiles to the line. Many of the early Benz automobiles were indeed built in France and sold by Roger, since the Parisians were more inclined to purchase automobiles at the time.

Early customers faced significant problems.

At the time, gasoline was available only from pharmacies that sold it as a cleaning product, and they didn't stock it in large quantities. The early version of the Motorwagen had to be pushed when driving up a steep hill. This limitation was rectified after Berta Benz made her famous trip driving one of the vehicles a great distance and suggested to her husband the addition of another gear.

The popular story goes that, on the morning of August 5, , Berta Benz took this vehicle (without the knowledge of her husband), and embarked on a km (65 miles) trip from Mannheim to Pforzheim to visit her mother, taking her sons Eugen and Richard with her. In addition to having to locate fuel at pharmacies on the way, she also overcame various technical and mechanical problems and finally arrived at nightfall, announcing the achievement to Karl Benz by telegram.

Today the event is celebrated annually in Germany with an antique automobile rally.

Benz's Model 3 made its wide-scale debut to the world in the World's Fair in Paris, and about 25 Motorwagens were built during the period between and

Benz & Cie. expansion

The great demand for stationary, static internal combustion engines forced Karl Benz to enlarge the factory in Mannheim, and in a new building located on Waldhofstrasse (operating until ) was added.

Benz & Cie. had grown in the interim from 50 employees in to in During the last years of the nineteenth century—Benz & Company—was the largest automobile company in the world with units produced in

Because of its size, in , the Benz & Cie. became a joint-stock company with the arrival of Friedrich Von Fischer and Julius Ganß, who came aboard as members of the Board of Management.

Ganß worked in the commercialization department.

The new directors recommended that Benz should create a less expensive automobile suitable for mass production. In , Karl Benz created the Victoria, a two-passenger automobile with a 3-hp engine, which could reach the top speed of 11 mph and a pivotal front axle operated by a roller-chained tiller for steering.

The model was successful with 45 units sold in

In , Benz improved this design in his new Velo model. This automobile was produced on such a remarkably large scale for the era—1, units from to —that it is considered the first mass-produced automobile. The Benz Velo also participated in the first automobile race: Paris to Rouen .

In , Benz designed the first truck in history, with some of the units later modified by the first bus company: the Netphener, becoming the first buses in history.

In , Karl Benz was granted a patent for his design of the first flat engine with horizontally-opposed pistons, a design in which the corresponding pistons reach top dead centre simultaneously, thus balancing each other with respect to momentum.

Flat engines with four or fewer cylinders are most commonly called boxer engines, boxermotor in German, and also are known as horizontally opposed engines. This design continues to be used in high performance automobile racing engines.

Although Gottlieb Daimler died in March of —and there is no evidence that Benz and Daimler knew each other nor that they knew about each other's early achievements—eventually, competition with Daimler Motors (DMG) in Stuttgart began to challenge the leadership of Benz & Cie.

In October of the main designer of DMG, Wilhelm Maybach, built the engine that would be used later, in the Mercedeshp of The engine was built to the specifications of Emil Jellinek under a contract for him to purchase 36 vehicles with the engine and for him to become a dealer of the special series. Jellinek stipulated that the new engine must be named, Daimler-Mercedes.

Maybach would quit DMG in , but he designed the model and all of the important changes. After testing, the first one was delivered to Jellinek on December 22, Jellinek continued to make suggestions for changes to the model and obtained good results racing the automobile in the next few years, encouraging DMG to engage in commercial production of automobiles, which they did in

Benz countered with his Parsifil automobile, introduced in with 2 vertical cylinders and a top speed of 37 mph.

Then, without consulting Benz, the other directors hired some French designers. France was a country with an extensive automobile industry based on Maybach's creations. Because of this action, after difficult discussions, Karl Benz announced his retirement from design management on January 24, , although he remained as director on the Board of Management through its merger with DMG in and, remained on the board of the new Daimler-Benz corporation until his death in

Benz's sons Eugen and Richard left Benz & Cie.

in , but Richard returned to the company in as the designer of passenger vehicles.

By the sales of Benz & Cie. were up to 3, automobiles and the company remained the leading manufacturer of automobiles.

Along with continuing as a director of Benz & Cie., Karl Benz soon would found another company—with his son, Eugen—that was closely held within the family, manufacturing automobiles under another brand and using a French spelling variant of Benz's first name for the first initial of the privately-held company (see discussion in the next section).

In the Blitzen Benz was built in Mannheim by Benz & Cie. and the racecar set a land speed record of km/h, said to be "faster than any plane, train, or automobile" at the time.

The racecar was transported to several countries, even to the United States, to establish multiple records of this achievement.

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The bird-beaked, aerodynamically-designed vehicle contained a liter displacement, horsepower engine. The land speed record of the Blitzen Benz was unbroken for ten years.

Benz Söhne ( to )

Karl Benz, Bertha Benz, and their son, Eugen, moved to live in nearby Ladenburg, and solely with their own capital, founded the private company, C.

Benz Sons (German: Benz Söhne) in , producing automobiles and gas engines. The latter type was replaced by petrol engines because lack of demand. This company never issued stocks publicly, building its own line of automobiles independently from Benz & Cie., which was located in Mannheim. The Benz Sons automobiles were of good quality and became popular in London as taxis.

In , Karl Benz liquidated all of his shares in Benz Sons and left this family-held company in Ladenburg to Eugen and Richard, but he remained as a director of Benz & Cie.

During a birthday celebration for him in his home town of Karlsruhe on November 25, , the year-old Karl Benz was awarded an honorary doctorate by his alma mater, the Karlsruhe University, thereby becoming—Dr.

Ing. h. c. Karl Benz.

Almost from the very beginning of the production of automobiles, participation in sports car racing became a major method to gain publicity for manufacturers. At first, the production models were raced and the Benz Velo participated in the first automobile race: Paris to Rouen Later, investment in developing racecars for motorsports produced returns through sales generated by the association of the name of the automobile with the winners.

Unique race vehicles were built at the time, as seen in the photograph here of the Benz, the first mid-engine and aerodynamically designed, Tropfenwagen, a "teardrop" body introduced at the European Grand Prix at Monza.

In the last production year of the Benz Sons company, , three hundred and fifty units were built.

During the following year, , Karl Benz built two additional 8/25 hp units of the automobile manufactured by this company, tailored for his personal use, which he never sold; they are still preserved.

Toward Daimler-Benz and the Mercedes Benz of

During the First World War, Benz & Cie. and Daimler Motors(DMG) both had massively increased their production for the war effort.

Karl benz history biography projects pdf He founded a new company and began producing small two-stroke engines. Bertha Benz's long-distance drive [ edit ]. From to , Benz produced over 1, of what some consider the first mass-produced car, the Velocipede , later known as the Benz Velo. As I approached — I would have liked to have made his acquaintance — he disappeared in the crowd.

After the conflict ended, both manufacturers resumed their normal activities, but the German economy was chaotic. The automobile was considered a luxury item and as such, was charged a 15% extra tax. At the same time, the country suffered a severe lack of petroleum. To survive this difficult situation, in Benz & Cie. proposed a cooperation suggested by Karl Benz through a representative, Karl Jahn, but DMG rejected the proposal in December.

The German economic crisis worsened. In Benz & Cie. produced only 1, units in Mannheim, and DMG made only 1, in Stuttgart. The average cost of an automobile was 25 million marks because of rapid inflation. Negotiations between the two companies resumed and in they signed an Agreement of Mutual Interest valid until the year Both enterprises standardized design, production, purchasing, sales, and advertising—marketing their automobile models jointly—although keeping their respective brands.

On June 28, , Benz & Cie. and DMG finally merged as the Daimler-Benz company, baptizing all of its automobiles Mercedes Benz honoring the most important model of the DMG automobiles, the Mercedeshp, along with the Benz name. The name of that DMG model had been selected after ten-year-old Mercedes Jellinek, the daughter of Emil Jellinek (by then one of DMG's partners) who had set the specifications for the new model.

Interesting facts about karl benz

Why did karl benz invent the car

Karl benz early life

When did karl benz die

Karl benz first car

Benz was a member of the new Board of Management for the remainder of his life. A new logo was created, consisting of a three pointed star (representing Daimler's motto: "engines for land, air, and water") surrounded by traditional laurels from the Benz logo, and was labeled Mercedes-Benz.

The next year, , the number of units sold tripled to 7, and the diesel line was launched for truck production. In the Mercedes Benz SS was presented.

On April 4, , Karl Benz died at home in Ladenburg at the age of 84 from a bronchial inflammation in his lungs. Until her death on May 5, , Bertha Benz continued to reside in their last home.

Members of the family resided in the home for thirty more years. The Benz home now has been designated as historic and is used as a scientific meeting facility for a nonprofit foundation, the Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation, that honors both Bertha and Karl Benz for their roles in the history of automobiles.

Legacy

Credit for inventing the automobile almost certainly must be shared, since several men made significant contributions to its development. However, Benz can be considered to have invented the modern, mass-produced, commercially viable motorcar. As such, his legacy lives on both through the continued popularity and reputation for quality of the brand he founded, and through the automobile itself.

Human life has been revolutionized by the motorcar. Travel and commerce within and between states has been made easier. People in isolated communities have access to services. Despite the problems associated with pollution and the use of non-renewable fuel, human life has, generally, benefited from the motorcar.

Notes

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Benz, Karl.

  Lebensfahrt eines deutschen Erfinders: meine Erinnerungen. München: Koehler & Amelang. ISBN

• Benz, Karl, Max-Gerrit von Pein, Harry Niemann, and Günter Engelen. Benz & Cie.: zum Geburtstag von Karl Benz. Archiv-Edition. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag, ISBN
• Seherr-Thoss, Hans-Christoph von.

  Zwei Männer - ein Stern: Gottlieb Daimler u.

  Karl benz history biography projects It was the first automobile entirely designed as such, not simply a motorized carriage, which is why Karl Benz is regarded by many as the inventor of the automobile. In , at the age of nine, he started at the scientifically oriented Lyceum. Archived from the original on 16 July Engineering career.

  Karl Benz in Bildern, Daten u. Dokumenten. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verl, ISBN

• Seidel, Winfried A. Carl Benz: eine badische Geschichte; die Vision vom "pferdelosen Wagen" verändert die Welt. Weinheim: Diesbach, ISBN
• Siebertz, Paul. Karl Benz; ein Pionier der motorisierung. Stuttgart: Reclam-Verlag,

External links

All links retrieved October 5,