Kali yuga start date

Kali Yuga

Last of four yugas (ages) in Hindu cosmology

For other uses, see Kalyug (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with goddess Kālī.

Kali Yuga, in Hinduism, is the fourth, shortest, and worst of the four yugas (world ages) in a Yuga Cycle, preceded by Dvapara Yuga and followed by the next cycle's Krita (Satya) Yuga.

It is believed to be the present age, which is full of conflict and sin.[1][2][3]

According to Puranic sources,[a]Krishna's death marked the end of Dvapara Yuga and the start of Kali Yuga, which is dated to 17/18 February &#;BCE.[9] Lasting for , years (1, divine years), Kali Yuga began 5, years ago and has , years left as of &#;CE.[11][12][13]Kali Yuga will end in the year , CE.[b]

Near the end of Kali Yuga, when virtues are at their worst, a cataclysm and a re-establishment of dharma occur to usher in the next cycle's Krita (Satya) Yuga, prophesied to occur by Kalki.

Etymology

Yuga (Sanskrit: युग), in this context, means "an age of the world", where its archaic spelling is yug, with other forms of yugam, yugānāṃ, and yuge, derived from yuj (Sanskrit: युज्, lit.&#;'to join or yoke'), believed derived from *yeug- (Proto-Indo-European: lit.

'to join or unite').[16]

Kali Yuga (Sanskrit: कलियुग, romanized:&#;kaliyuga or kali-yuga) means "the age of Kali", "the age of darkness", "the age of vice and misery", or "the age of quarrel and hypocrisy".[17]

A complete description of Kali Yuga is found in the Mahabharata, Manusmriti, Vishnu Smriti, and various Puranas.[18]

Epigraphy

According to P.

V. Kane, one of the earliest inscriptions with one of the four yugas named is the Pikira grant of Pallava Simhavarman (mid-5th century&#;CE):[20]

Who was ever ready to extricate dharma that had become sunk owing to the evil effects of Kaliyuga.

—&#;Pikira grant of Pallava Simhavarman, line 10 (3rd plate, front)

Other epigraphs exist with named yugas in the Old Mysore region of India, published in Epigraphia Carnatica.[21]

Start date

The start date and time of Kali Yuga was at midnight () on 17/18 February BCE.[9][23]

Astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata, who was born in CE, finished his book Aryabhatiya in CE, in which he wrote "When the three yugas (satyug, tretayug and dwaparyug) have elapsed and 60 x 60 (3,) years of kaliyug have already passed, I am now 23 years old." Based on this information, Kali Yuga began in BCE, which is calculated from - ( + 23) + 1 (no year zero from 1 BCE to 1 CE).[24]

According to K.

D. Abhyankar, the starting point of Kali Yuga is an extremely rare planetary alignment, which is depicted in the Mohenjo-daro seals.[25]

Duration and structure

See also: Yuga Cycle, Hindu units of time, and List of numbers in Hindu scriptures

Hindu texts describe four yugas (world ages)⁠ in a Yuga Cycle, where, starting in order from the first age of Krita (Satya) Yuga, each yuga's length decreases by one-fourth (25%), giving proportions of Each yuga is described as having a main period (a.k.a.yuga proper) preceded by its yuga-sandhyā (dawn) and followed by its yuga-sandhyāṃśa (dusk)⁠, where each twilight (dawn/dusk) lasts for one-tenth (10%) of its main period.

Lengths are given in divine years (years of the gods), each lasting for solar (human) years.[11][12][13]

Kali Yuga, the fourth age in a cycle, lasts for , years (1, divine years), where its main period lasts for , years (1, divine years) and its two twilights each last for 36, years ( divine years).

The current cycle's Kali Yuga, the present age, has the following dates based on it starting in &#;BCE:[11][12][13]

Mahabharata, Book 12 (Shanti Parva), Ch. [26][c]

(17) A year (of men) is equal to a day and night of the gods&#; (19) I shall, in their order, tell you the number of years that are for different purposes calculated differently, in the Krita, the Treta, the Dwapara, and the Kali yugas.

(20) Four thousand celestial years is the duration of the first or Krita age. The morning of that cycle consists of four hundred years and its evening is of four hundred years. (21) Regarding the other cycles, the duration of each gradually decreases by a quarter in respect of both the principal period with the minor portion and the conjoining portion itself.

Manusmriti, Ch.

1:[27]

(67) A year is a day and a night of the gods&#; (68) But hear now the brief (description of) the duration of a night and a day of Brahman [(Brahma)] and of the several ages (of the world, yuga) according to their order. (69) They declare that the Krita age (consists of) four thousand years (of the gods); the twilight preceding it consists of as many hundreds, and the twilight following it of the same number.

(70) In the other three ages with their twilights preceding and following, the thousands and hundreds are diminished by one (in each).

Surya Siddhanta, Ch. 1:[28]

(13) twelve months make a year. This is called a day of the gods. (14) Six times sixty [] of them are a year of the gods&#; (15) Twelve thousand of these divine years are denominated a Quadruple Age (caturyuga); of ten thousand times four hundred and thirty-two [4,,] solar years (16) Is composed that Quadruple Age, with its dawn and twilight.

The difference of the Golden and the other Ages, as measured by the difference in the number of the feet of Virtue in each, is as follows&#;: (17) The tenth part of an Age, multiplied successively by four, three, two, and one, gives the length of the Golden and the other Ages, in order&#;: the sixth part of each belongs to its dawn and twilight.

10,year sub-period

A dialogue between Krishna and Ganga found in the Brahma Vaivarta Purana describes that for the first 10, years of Kali Yuga, the ill effects of Kali Yuga will be reduced due to the presence of bhakti yogis and the ability to nullify sinful reactions, after which Earth will be devoid of devout religious people and be shackled by Kali Yuga.[29][non-primary source needed]Gaudiya Vaishnavism believes this sub-period started later in Kali Yuga with the birth of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ( CE).[30]

Characteristics

Hinduism often symbolically represents morality (dharma) as an Indian bull.

In the Satya Yuga, the first stage of development, the bull has four legs, which is reduced by one in each age that follows. The four legs of Dharma are Tapaslit.&#;'austerity', Śaucalit.&#;'cleanliness', Dayālit.&#;'compassion' and Satyalit.&#;'truth'.[31] By the age of Kali, morality is reduced to only a quarter of that of the golden age, so that the bull of Dharma has only one leg, the one representing Satya.[32][33]

References in the Mahabharata

The Kurukshetra War and the decimation of Kauravas thus happened at the Yuga-Sandhi, the point of transition from one yuga to another.[34]

Prophesied events

A discourse by Markandeya in the Mahabharata identifies some of the attributes of people, animals, nature, and weather during the Kali Yuga.[35][36]

Other usage

The Kali Yuga is an important concept in both Theosophy and Anthroposophy,[37][38] and in the writings of Helena Blavatsky, W.Q.

Judge, Rudolf Steiner, Savitri Devi, and Traditionalist philosophers such as René Guénon and Julius Evola, among others. Rudolf Steiner believed that the Kali Yuga ended in [37]

See also

Explanatory notes

References

  1. ^"yuga".

    Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 27 February

  2. ^"kali yuga". Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 27 February
  3. ^Smith, John D. (). The Mahābhārata: an abridged translation. Penguin Classics. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  4. ^"Skanda I, Ch.

    Curse of the Brahmana, Sloka 6". Bhagavata Purana. Vol.&#;Part I. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited. p.&#;

  5. ^Wilson, H. H. (). "Book V, Ch. Arjuna burns the dead, etc., Sloka 8". The Vishnu Purana. S.P.C.K. Press. p.&#;
  6. ^"Ch. 74, Royal Dynasties, Sloka ".

    The Brahmanda Purana. Vol.&#;Part III. Motilal Banarsidass. p.&#;

  7. ^"Ch. 37, Royal Dynasties, Sloka ". The Vayu Purana. Vol.&#;Part II. Motilal Banarsidass.

    Kali yuga sadhguru biography husband: When the solar system is going through the yugas, if you are in tune with it, you are also going with these yugas. In this excerpt from the Mahabharat program that Sadhguru conducted in , Sadhguru looks at the nature of time and explains how the sages of Bharat had a phenomenal understanding of this most fundamental aspect of creation. Krishna also said that after over years, there will come a many thousand year period of time that will be fabulous. All it takes to live well on this planet is a bunch of sensible people.

    p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  8. ^"Ch. , Episode of Krsna concluded, Sloka 8". Brahma Purana. Vol.&#;Part II. Motilal Banarsidass. p.&#;
  9. ^ abMatchett, Freda; Yano, Michio (). "Part II, Ch. 6: The Puranas / Part III, Ch. Calendar, Astrology, and Astronomy". In Flood, Gavin (ed.).

    The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. Blackwell Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  10. ^ abcGodwin, Joscelyn (). Atlantis and the Cycles of Time: Prophecies, Traditions, and Occult Revelations. Inner Traditions. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  11. ^ abcMerriam-Webster ().

    "Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions". In Doniger, Wendy; Hawley, John Stratton (eds.). Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. pp.&#; (Hinduism), (Yuga). ISBN&#;.

  12. ^ abcGupta, S. V.

    (). "Ch. Time Measurements". In Hull, Robert; Osgood, Richard M. Jr.; Parisi, Jurgen; Warlimont, Hans (eds.). Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future. International System of Units. Springer Series in Materials Science: Springer. pp.&#;6–8. ISBN&#;.

  13. ^"युग (yuga)". Wiktionary. Retrieved 27 February
    "yuga".

    Wiktionary. Retrieved 27 February
    "Yuga". Wisdom Library. 29 June Retrieved 27 February
    "युज् (yuj)". Wiktionary. Retrieved 27 February
    "*yeug-". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 27 February
    "yug". Wiktionary. 6 June Retrieved 1 September

  14. ^"कलि (kali)".

    Wiktionary. Retrieved 27 February
    "Kali Yuga". Wiktionary. 25 November Retrieved 27 February
    "Kaliyuga, Kali-yuga". Wisdom Library.

  15. 1 yuga is equal to how many years
  16. Satya yuga
  17. Kali yuga meaning
  18. Kali yuga end date 2024

    19. 11 April Retrieved 27 February

  19. ^Kane, P. V. (September ). Sukthankar, Dr. V. S.; Fyzee, A. A. A.; Bhagwat, N. K. (eds.). "Kalivarjya (actions forbidden in the Kali Age)". Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 12 (1–2). The Asiatic Society of Bombay: 4.
  20. ^The Pikira grant inscription has the word "kaliyuga" on line 10 located on 3rd plate, first side.
    ⁠— Hultzsch, E., ed.

    (). Epigraphia Indica and Records of the Archaeological Survey of India. Vol.&#;VIII — – Bombay: Education Society's Press. p.&#;

  21. ^Each term has an index of volumes:
    * p. Dvapara, Yuga or age; Dvapara-yuga, do.
    * p. Kali-yuga, age of Kali
    * p. Kritayuga, age; Kritayuga, do.
    — Krishna, Dr.

    M. H. (). Mysore Archeological Survey: Epigraphia Carnatica. Vol.&#;XIII (Part I): General Index. Bangalore: Government Press. pp.&#;, ,

  22. ^The Induand the Rg-Veda, Page 16, By Egbert Richter-Ushanas, ISBN&#;
  23. ^H.D. Dharm Chakravarty Swami Prakashanand Saraswati. Encyclopedia Of Authentic Hinduism The True History and the Religion of India, Hardbound, 2nd Edition, , ISBN&#; Retrieved
  24. ^Abhyankar, K.

    D. ().

  25. Kali yuga sadhguru biography husband
  26. Kali yuga sadhguru biography pdf
  27. Kali yuga sadhguru biography death

    28. "Astronomical significance to two Mohenjodaro seals". Astronomical Society of India, Bulletin. 21 (3–4): BibcodeBASIA.

  28. ^Dutt, Manmatha Nath (). "Ch. (CCXXXI)". A Prose English Translation of The Mahabharata (Translated Literally from the Original Sanskrit text). Vol.&#;Book 12 (Shanti Parva).

    Calcutta: Elysium Press. p.&#; (, 19–21)..

  29. ^Bühler, G. (). "Ch. 1, The Creation".

    Kali yuga sadhguru biography Kali Yuga began on the day when Krsna passed on to heaven. In this article, Sadhguru describes how this has always been known in yogic perception and explains how a human being is perfectly in tune with the cycles in the solar system. If I think about it, you get it. See also [ edit ].

    In Müller, F. Max (ed.). The Laws of Manu: translated with extracts from seven commentaries. Sacred Books of the East. Vol.&#;XXV. Oxford University Press. p.&#;20 (–70).

  30. ^Burgess, Rev. Ebenezer () []. "Ch. 1: Of the Mean Motions of the Planets.".

    Kali yuga sadhguru biography wife Right now, we are moving towards Treta Yuga, which is the second best time that can happen in a cycle of yugas. Even if you talk, they will not get it. Moving on from the mental, visual, and olfactory dimensions of perception — in Kali Yuga, human beings become totally verbal. What is Consciousness?

    In Gangooly, Phanindralal (ed.). Translation of the Surya-Siddhanta, A Text-Book of Hindu Astronomy; With notes and an appendix. University of Calcutta. pp.&#;7–9 (–17).

  31. ^Chaturvedi, Ramesh; Nagar, Shantilal (). "". Brahmavaivarta Purana. Vol.&#;Book 4. Parimal Publications.

    ISBN&#;. (verses 49–60)

  32. ^"Kali-yuga and Sakabda". Veda - Vedic Knowledge Online. Retrieved 15 May
  33. ^Purāṇam. Vol.&#; Varanasi: All-India Kasiraja Trust. p.&#;
  34. ^"The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Markandeya-Samasya Parva: Section CLXXXIX".

    Retrieved 20 January

  35. ^Bhāgavata Purāṇa
  36. ^Vajpeyi, Ananya (29 June ). "Epic lessons for Kali Yuga: Rereading the 'Mahabharata' in our contemporary moment". The Hindu.
  37. ^Mahabharata SECTION CLXXXIX
  38. ^ (28 January ). "Story of Kali". . Retrieved 18 August
  39. ^ abBamford, Christopher (ed.).

    Spiritualism, Madame Blavatsky & Theosophy: An Eyewitness View of Occult History&#;: Lectures by Rudolf Steiner.

  40. ^Dann, Kevin T. ().

    Kali yuga sadhguru biography wikipedia It can move so quickly and is so deadly that if it bites you, you only have eight to ten minutes. What's it all about? Kali Yuga — Wann endete es und was liegt vor uns? Das Sonnensystem mit der Sonne und den sie umgebenden Planeten bewegt sich in der Galaxie.

    Across the Great Border Fault: The Naturalist Myth in America. Rutgers University Press.

Further reading

  • Fleet, J. F. (April ). "The Kaliyuga Era of B.C. (Part I)". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: – JSTOR&#;
  • Fleet, J.

    F. (July ). "The Kaliyuga Era of B.C. (Part II)". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: – JSTOR&#;

  • Glass, Marty (). Yuga: An Anatomy of our Fate. Hillsdale, NY: Sophia Perennis.
  • Guénon, René (). The Crisis of the Modern World. Translated by Osborne, Arthur; Pallis, Marco; Nicholson, Richard C.

    Hillsdale, NY: Sophia Perennis.

  • Sotillos, Samuel Bendeck (). "New Age or the Kali-Yuga?". AHP Perspective. (April/May): 15–
  • Srinivasaraghavan, K. ().

    Sadhguru As the yugas move out of a dark phase, light arises. They even go to the extent of saying there was no physical conception — it happened mentally. Part I. We do not only live on this planet — we are the planet.

    The Date of the Mahabharata War and the Kali Yugadhi. Chennai Srinivasa Gandhinilayam.: CS1 maint: location (link)

  • Upton, Charles (). Legends of the End: Prophecies of the End Times, Antichrist, Apocalypse, and Messiah from Eight Religious Traditions. Hillsdale, NY: Sophia Perennis.

External links

  • The dictionary definition of Kali Yuga at Wiktionary