Mother mary harris jones images of flowers

Mother Jones

Irish-American labor organizer (–)

This article is about the labor organizer. For the magazine, see Mother Jones (magazine).

Mary G. Harris Jones ( (baptized) &#; November 30, ), known as Mother Jones from onward, was an Irish-born American labor organizer, former schoolteacher, and dressmaker who became a prominent union organizer, community organizer, and activist.

She helped coordinate major strikes, secure bans on child labor, and co-founded the Labor unionist trade union, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).

After Jones's husband and four children all died of yellow fever in and her dress shop was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of , she became an organizer for the Knights of Labor and the United Mine Workers union.

In , she was called "the most dangerous woman in America" for her success in organizing miners and their families against the mine owners.^[1] In , to protest the lax enforcement of the child labor laws in the Pennsylvania mines and silk mills, she organized a children's march from Philadelphia to the home of President Theodore Roosevelt in New York.

Early life

Mary G. Harris was born on the north side of Cork, the daughter of Catholic tenant farmers Richard Harris and Ellen (née Cotter) Harris.^[2] Her exact date of birth is uncertain; she was baptized on August 1, ^[3]^[4] Harris and her family were victims of the Great Famine, as were many other Irish families.

The famine drove more than a million families, including the Harrises, to immigrate to North America, as Harris's family did when Harris was ^[5]

Formative years

Mary was a teenager when her family immigrated to Canada.^[6] In Canada (and later in the United States), the Harris family were victims of discrimination due to their immigrant status as well as their Catholic faith and Irish heritage.

Mary received an education in Toronto at the Toronto Normal School, which was tuition-free and even paid a stipend to each student of one dollar per week for every semester completed. Mary did not graduate from the Toronto Normal School, but she was able to undergo enough training to take a teaching position at a convent in Monroe, Michigan, on August 31, at the age of ^[5] She was paid eight dollars per month, but the school was described as a "depressing place".

After tiring of her assumed profession, she moved first to Chicago and then to Memphis, where in she married George E. Jones, a member and organizer of the National Union of Iron Moulders,^[8] which later became the International Molders and Foundry Workers Union of North America, which represented workers who specialized in building and repairing steam engines, mills, and other manufactured goods.^[9] Considering that Mary's husband was providing enough income to support the household, she altered her labor to housekeeping.

In , Jones lost her husband and their four children, three girls and a boy all under the age of five, during a yellow fever epidemic in Memphis. After that loss, she returned to Chicago to open another dressmaking business.^[10] She did work for members of Chicago's upper class in the s and s.^[5] In , four years after the death of her family, Jones lost her home, shop, and possessions in the Great Chicago Fire of Jones, like many others, helped rebuild the city.

According to her autobiography, this led to her joining the Knights of Labor.

Jones started organizing strikes. At first the strikes and protests failed, sometimes ending with police shooting at and killing protesters. Most members of the Knights were men, and by the middle of the s, member numbers leaped to more than a million, becoming the largest labor organization in the United States.

The Haymarket Affair of and the fear of anarchism and social change incited by union organizations resulted in the demise of the Knights of Labor when an unknown person threw a bomb into an altercation between the Chicago police and workers on strike.^[5] Once the Knights ceased to exist, Mary Jones became involved mainly with the United Mine Workers (UMW).

She frequently led UMW strikers in picketing and encouraged striking workers to stay on strike when management brought in strike-breakers and militias.^[9] She believed that "working men deserved a wage that would allow women to stay home to care for their kids."^[12] Around this time, strikes were getting better organized and started to produce greater results, such as better pay for the workers.

Active as an organizer and educator in strikes nationwide, she was involved particularly with the UMW and the Socialist Party of America.

As a union organizer, she gained prominence for organizing the wives and children of striking workers in demonstrations on their behalf. She was termed "the most dangerous woman in America" by a West Virginian district attorney, Reese Blizzard, in at her trial for ignoring an injunction banning meetings by striking miners. "There sits the most dangerous woman in America", announced Blizzard.

"She comes into a state where peace and prosperity reign crooks her finger, [and] twenty thousand contented men lay down their tools and walk out."^[1]

Jones was ideologically separated from many female activists of her day due to her lack of commitment to the cause of women's suffrage.

She was quoted as saying that "you don't need the vote to raise hell!"^[14] She opposed many of the activists because she believed it was more important to advocate for the working class than to advocate for women. When some suffragists accused her of being anti-women's rights, she replied, "I'm not an anti to anything which brings freedom to my class."^[15]

Jones was known as a charismatic and effective speaker throughout her career.^[16] Occasionally she would include props, visual aids, and dramatic stunts in her speeches.^[16] Her talks usually involved the relating of some personal tale in which she invariably "showed up" one form of authority or another.

Mother Jones reportedly spoke in a pleasant-sounding brogue that projected well. When she grew excited, her voice dropped in pitch.

By age 60, Jones had assumed the persona of "Mother Jones" by claiming to be older than she was, wearing outdated black dresses, and referring to the male workers that she helped as "her boys." The first reference to her in print as Mother Jones was in ^[6]

"March of the Mill Children"

In , workers in Pennsylvania's silk mills went on strike.

Many of them were young girls demanding to be paid adult wages.^[18] The census had revealed that one sixth of American children under the age of sixteen were employed. John Mitchell, the president of the UMWA, brought Mother Jones to northeastern Pennsylvania in the months of February and September to encourage unity among striking workers.

To do so, she encouraged the wives of the workers to organize into a group that would wield brooms, beat on tin pans, and shout "join the union!" She felt that wives had an important role to play as the nurturers and motivators of the striking men, but not as fellow workers. She claimed that the young girls working in the mills were being robbed and demoralized.^[18] She felt that the rich were denying these children the right to go to school in order to be able to pay for their own children's college tuitions.

To enforce worker solidarity, Jones traveled to the silk mills in New Jersey and returned to Pennsylvania to report that the conditions she observed there were much better. She stated that "the child labor law is better enforced for one thing and there are more men at work than seen in the mills here." In response to the strike, mill owners claimed that if the workers insisted on a wage scale, they would not be able to do business while paying adult wages and would be forced to close.^[19] Jones encouraged the workers to accept a settlement.

Although she agreed to a settlement that sent the young girls back to the mills, she continued to fight child labor for the rest of her life.^[19]

In , Jones organized children who were working in mills and mines to participate in her famous "March of the Mill Children", a mile trek from Kensington, Philadelphia, to the summer house (and Summer White House) of President Theodore Roosevelt on Long Island (in Oyster Bay, New York).

They had banners demanding "We want to go to school and not the mines!" and held rallies each night in a new town on the way with music, skits, and speeches drawing thousands of citizens.^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24]

As Mother Jones noted, many of the children at union headquarters were missing fingers and had other disabilities, and she attempted to get newspaper publicity for the bad conditions experienced by children working in Pennsylvania.

However, the mill owners held stock in most newspapers. When the newspapermen informed her that they could not publish the facts about child labor because of this, she remarked "Well, I've got stock in these little children and I'll arrange a little publicity."^[25] Permission to see President Roosevelt was denied by his secretary, and it was suggested that Jones address a letter to the president requesting a visit with him Mother Jones wrote a letter requesting a meeting, but never received an answer.^[26] Though the president refused to meet with the marchers, the incident brought the issue of child labor to the forefront of the public agenda.

The non-fiction book Kids on Strike! described Jones's Children's Crusade in detail.

Activism and criminal charges

During the Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of in West Virginia, Mary Jones arrived in June , speaking and organizing despite a shooting war between United Mine Workers members and the private army of the mine owners.

Martial law in the area was declared and rescinded twice before Jones was arrested on February 13, , and brought before a military court. Accused of conspiring to commit murder among other charges, she refused to recognize the legitimacy of her court-martial. She was sentenced to twenty years in the state penitentiary.

During house arrest at Mrs. Carney's Boarding House, she acquired a dangerous case of pneumonia.^[21]

Jones was released after 85 days of confinement, and her release coincided with Indiana Senator John W. Kern's initiation of a Senate investigation into the conditions in the local coal mines.

Mary Lee Settle describes Jones at this time in her novel The Scapegoat. Several months later, she helped organize coal miners in Colorado in the –14 United Mine Workers of America strike against the Rockefeller-owned Colorado Fuel and Iron company, in what is known as the Colorado Coalfield War. Once again she was arrested, serving time in prison and inside the San Rafael Hospital, and was escorted from the state in the months prior to the Ludlow Massacre.

After the massacre, she was invited to meet with the owner of the Ludlow mine, John D. Rockefeller Jr. The meeting was partially responsible for Rockefeller's visit to the Colorado mines and introduction of long-sought reforms.^[27]

In , Mother Jones played a role in the Bloomington Streetcar Strike.^[28]

Mother Jones attempted to stop miners from marching into Logan County, West Virginia, in late August Mother Jones also visited the governor and departed assured he would intervene.

Jones opposed the armed march, appeared on the line of march and told them to go home. In her hand, she claimed to have a telegram from President Warren Harding offering to work to end the private police in West Virginia if they returned home. When UMW president Frank Keeney demanded to see the telegram, Mother Jones refused and he denounced her as a 'fake'.

Because she refused to show anyone the telegram, and the President's secretary denied ever having sent one, she was suspected of having fabricated the story. After she fled the camp, she reportedly suffered a nervous breakdown.^[29]

Mother Jones was joined by Keeney and other UMWA officials who were also pressuring the miners to go home.

Later years

Jones remained a union organizer for the UMW into the s and continued to speak on union affairs almost until she died. She released her own account of her experiences in the labor movement as The Autobiography of Mother Jones ().^[30] Although Mother Jones organized for decades on behalf of the UMWA in West Virginia and even denounced the state as 'medieval', the chapter of the same name in her autobiography, she mostly praises Governor Ephraim F.

Morgan for defending the First Amendment freedom of the weekly labor publication The Federationist to publish. His refusal to consent to the mine owners' request that he ban the paper demonstrated to Mother Jones that he 'refused to comply with the requests of the dominant money interests. To a man of that type, I wish to pay my respects'.^[31]

During her later years, Jones lived with her friends Walter and Lillie May Burgess on their farm in what is now Adelphi, Maryland.

She celebrated her self-proclaimed th birthday there on May 1, , and was filmed making a statement for a newsreel.^[32]

Death

Mary Harris Jones died on November 30, , at the Burgess farm, then in Silver Spring, Maryland, now part of Adelphi. There was a funeral Mass at St. Gabriel's Catholic Church in Washington, D.C.^[34]^[35]

Jones is buried in the Union Miners Cemetery in Mount Olive, Illinois, alongside miners who died in the Battle of Virden.^[36]^[37]^[38] She called these miners, killed in strike-related violence, "her boys."^[39] In , about 15, Illinois mine workers gathered in Mount Olive to protest against the United Mine Workers, which soon became the Progressive Mine Workers of America.

Convinced that they had acted in the spirit of Mother Jones, the miners decided to place a proper headstone on her grave. By , the miners had saved up more than $16, and were able to purchase "eighty tons of Minnesota pink granite, with bronze statues of two miners flanking a twenty-foot shaft featuring a bas-relief of Mother Jones at its center." On October 11, , also known as Miners' Day, an estimated 50, people arrived at Mother Jones's grave to see the new gravestone and memorial.

Since then, October 11 is not only known as Miners' Day but is also referred to and celebrated in Mount Olive as "Mother Jones's Day."^{[citation needed]}

The farm where she died began to advertise itself as the "Mother Jones Rest Home" in , before being sold to a Baptist church in The site is now marked with a Maryland Historical Trust marker, and a nearby elementary school is named in her honor.

Legacy

In , Mother Jones said the following regarding her legacy: "I am considered a Bolshevik, and a Red and an I.W.W., and a radical, and I admit to being all they've charged me with.

I'm anything that would change monied civilization to a higher and grander civilization for the ages to come. And I long to see the day when labor will have the destination of the nation in her own hands, and she will stand a united force, and show the world what workers can do."^[41]

Mother Jones remained a well-known symbol for the American labor movement after her death and remains an important symbol for the power of organized labor among activists and organizers, both in the United States and globally.

Jones' words are still invoked by union supporters more than a century later: "Pray for the dead and fight like hell for the living."^[42] Already known as "the miners' angel" when she was denounced on the floor of the United States Senate as the "grandmother of all agitators", she replied, "I hope to live long enough to be the great-grandmother of all agitators."^[43]
Mother Jones magazine was established in the s and quickly became "the largest selling radical magazine of the decade."^[44]
In , she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.^[45]
During the bitter –90 Pittston Coal strike in Virginia, West Virginia and Kentucky, the wives and daughters of striking coal miners, inspired by the still-surviving tales of Jones's legendary work among an earlier generation of the region's coal miners, dubbed themselves the "Daughters of Mother Jones".
Mary harris jones
Mother mary harris jones images of flowers and butterflies
Mother mary harris jones images of flowers and gardens

They played a crucial role on the picket lines and in presenting the miners' case to the press and public.^[46]

The Mother Jones Award was granted from to , though skipping some years, by the Working Women’s History Project and its predecessor, the Women and Labor History Project.^[47]
To coincide with International Women's Day on March 8, a proposal from Councillor Ted Tynan for a plaque to be erected in Mary Harris Jones's native Cork City was passed by the Cork City Council.^[48] Members of the Cork Mother Jones Commemorative Committee unveiled the plaque^[49] on August 1, to mark the th anniversary of her birth.

The Cork Mother Jones Festival was also held in in the Shandon area of the city, close to her birthplace, with numerous guest speakers.^[50] The festival now takes place annually around the anniversary and has led to growing awareness of Mother Jones's legacy and links between admirers in Ireland and the US.^[51] A new documentary, Mother Jones and Her Children, has been produced by Cork-based Frameworks Films^[52] and premiered at the Cork festival in
In , Mother Jones was inducted into the National Mining Hall of Fame.^[53]
Mary Harris "Mother" Jones Elementary School exists in Adelphi, Maryland.^[54]
Students at Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, West Virginia, can apply to reside in Mother Jones House, an off-campus service house.

Residents perform at least ten hours of community service each week and participate in community dinners and events.^[55]
The imprisonment of "Mother" Jones is commemorated by the State of West Virginia through a Historic Highway marker. The marker was made by the West Virginia Division of Culture and History.

The marker reads, "PRATT. First settled in the early s and incorporated in Important site in –13 Paint–Cabin Creek Strike. Labor organizer 'Mother Jones' spent her 84th birthday imprisoned here. Pratt Historic District, listed on the National Register in , recognizes the town's important residential architecture from early plantation to Victorian Styles." The marker is located in the town of Pratt, right off of West Virginia ^[56]

Music and the other arts

On February 25, , Gene Autry recorded the W.C.

Callaway composition "The Death Of Mother Jones".^[57]
There is a myth that in The American Songbag (), Carl Sandburg suggests that the "she" in "She'll Be Coming 'Round the Mountain" references Mother Jones and her travels to Appalachian mountain coal-mining camps promoting the unionization of the miners.

However, there is no reference to Mother Jones in The American Songbag.^[58]
In the book Uncle () by J.P. Martin, a train line is called Mother Jones's Siding and is rumored to be run by Mother Jones.
The play The Kentucky Cycle: Fire in the Hole () portrays Jones as an inspirational figure one of the other characters knew and was inspired by to go and create unions in other coal towns.
"The most dangerous woman," a spoken-word performance by indie folk singer/spoken word performer Utah Phillips with music and backing vocals added to it by indie folk artist Ani Difranco, can be found on their collaborative album Fellow Workers ().

The title refers to the moniker that a West Virginia District Attorney Reese Blizzard gave to Mother Jones, referring to her as "the most dangerous woman in America."^[1] Phillips performed the song "The Charge on Mother Jones." This folk song was written by William M. Rogers.^[59]
The title track of folk-roots duo Wishing Chair and Kara Barnard’s album Dishpan Brigade^[60] is about Jones and her role in the – miners' strike in Arnot, Pennsylvania.^[61]
Jones is the "woman" in Tom Russell's song "The Most Dangerous Woman in America," a commentary on the troubles of striking miners that appeared on his album Blood and Candle Smoke on the Shout!
Mother mary harris jones images of flowers and plants Jones was born in Cork, Ireland, probably , moved to Canada in the early s, and made her way to the United States in , where she lived and worked until her death on November 30, Copy to clipboard. See the website on the cemetery, below, for more on this event. Mother Jones at the D.
Factory label.
"The Spirit of Mother Jones" is a track on the Abocurragh album by Irish singer-songwriter Andy Irvine.^[62]
The play Can't Scare Methe Story of Mother Jones was written and performed by actress, playwright, and professor Kaiulani Lee. It premiered at the Atlas Theater in Washington, D.C.

in , and Lee took the show on tour with the United Mine Workers across Colorado as well as tours in Ireland, Bangladesh, and Cambodia.^[63]
Mother Jones and the Children's Crusade, a musical based on her work in Pennsylvania, debuted in July as part of the New York Musical Theatre Festival in NYC.

The play starred Robin de Jesus and Lynne Wintersteller.^[64]
Victory at Arnot is a work for chamber group and narrator by composer Eleanor Aversa.^[65] It recounts how Mother Jones assisted with the coal miners' strike in – in Arnot, Pennsylvania. The piece premiered in Philadelphia in and was followed by performances in Boston.^[66]
The Trial of Mother Jones, a play by Roger Holzberg, premiered in Oxnard, California, in ^[67]^[68]

References

^ ^a^b^cSandra L.

Ballard; Patricia L. Hudson (). Listen Here: Women Writing in Appalachia. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN&#;. Retrieved September 26,
^Day by Day in Cork, Sean Beecher, Collins Press, Cork, ^{[ISBN&#;missing]}^{[page&#;needed]}
^"Mary Harris Jones".

Mother Jones Commemorative committee. March 7, Retrieved November 30,
^"Mother Jones (–)". AFL–CIO. Retrieved November 30,
^ ^a^b^c^dRisjord, Norman K. ().

Populists and progressives. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
^ ^a^bArnesen, Eric. "A Tarnished Icon", Reviews in American History 30, no. 1 (): 89
^Religion and Radical Politics: An Alternative Christian Tradition in the United States, Robert H.

Craig, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, ^{[ISBN&#;missing]}^{[page&#;needed]}
^ ^a^bRussell E. Smith, "March of the Mill Children", The Social Service Review 41, no. 3 ():
^Ric Arnesen, "A Tarnished Icon", Reviews in American History 30, no.

1 (): 89
^Dreher, Rod (June 5, ) All-American AnarchistsArchived April 29, , at the Wayback Machine, The American Conservative
^Russell E. Smith, "March of the Mill Children", The Social Service Review 41, no. 3 ():
^"The Autobiography of Mother Jones "
^ ^a^bMari Boor Tonn, "Militant Motherhood: Labor's Mary Harris 'Mother' Jones", Quarterly Journal of Speech 81, no.

1 (): 2
^ ^a^bBonnie Stepenoff, "Keeping it in the Family: Mother Jones and the Pennsylvania Silk Strike of –", Labor History 38, no. 4 ():
^ ^a^bBonnie Stepenoff, "Keeping it in the Family: Mother Jones and the Pennsylvania Silk Strike of –", Labor History 38, no.

4 ():
^"Mother Jones leading a protest, circa ". Explore PA History. Retrieved November 30,
^ ^a^b"Today in labor history: Mother Jones leads march of miners' children". People's World. September 21, Retrieved November 30,
^Jones, Mother ().

"Chapter Ten: The March of the Mill Children". In Parton, Mary Field (ed.).
Mary harris jones biography In , Mary was sued for libel, slander and sedition. This page may be cited as: Women in History. Jones, Mary Harris. Mother Jones at the D.
The Autobiography of Mother Jones. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Company. Retrieved November 30,
^"Mother Jones: The Woman".
^"Mother Jones' "Children's Crusade" returns to Philadelphia". Inquirer. August 17, Archived from the original on August 5, Retrieved October 26,
^Russell E.

Smith, "March of the Mill Children", The Social Service Review 41, no. 3 ():
^Russell E. Smith, "March of the Mill Children", The Social Service Review 41, no. 3 ():
^Watson, William E.; Halus, Eugene J. Jr. (). Irish Americans: The History and Culture of a People: The History and Culture of a People.

ABC-CLIO. ISBN&#; &#; via Google Books.
^"Bloomington Strike". Mother Jones Museum. Retrieved April 8,
^Savage, Lon (). Thunder in the Mountains: The West Virginia Mine War –21 (&#;ed.). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. pp.&#;78–^{[ISBN&#;missing]}
^Jones, Mother ().

Parton, Mary Field (ed.). The Autobiography of Mother Jones. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Company. Retrieved November 30,
^Mother Jones (). The Autobiography of Mother Jones (&#;ed.). Chicago: Charles Kerr. p.&#;
^"Mother Jones in Talkie; Friend of Labor Celebrates th Birthday at the Microphone".

The New York Times. May 12,
^Obituary for Mother Mary Jones, The Washington Post, December 2, , p. 3.
^"Mother Jones Dies. Led Mine Workers". New York Times. Associated Press. December 1, Retrieved November 30,
^"Service Tomorrow for Mother Jones," The Washington Post, December 2, , p.
^Gravesite: 39°04′50″N89°44′00″W / °N °W / ;
^Biggers, Jeff. "Battle of Virden". Zinn Education Project. Retrieved July 8,
^"United States Department of Labor – Labor Hall of Fame: Mary Harris "Mother" Jones". Archived from the original on February 17, Retrieved September 6,
^Marry Harris Jones, video interview, , excerpt from "Mother Jones, America's Most Dangerous Woman,"
^"Quotations from Mother Jones (#2)".

Retrieved October 14,
^Silas House (). Something's Rising: Appalachians Fighting Mountaintop Removal. University Press of Kentucky. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Scully, Michael Andrew. "Would Mother Jones Buy 'Mother Jones'?", Public Interest 53, ():
^"Jones, Mary "Mother" Harris".

National Women’s Hall of Fame.
^"Site Unavailable". . Archived from the original on March 9, Retrieved March 22,
^"Mother Jones Award". .
^"Minutes of Ordinary Meeting of Cork City Council"(PDF).
Item 5 of 5
Mother mary harris jones images of flowers4
Settings
Mary “Mother” Harris Jones (1830-1930) - Find a Grave Memorial
Mother Jones | Mother Jones Museum | United States

Retrieved September 6, ^{[permanent dead link&#;]}

^"'Pray for the dead and fight like hell for the living'". The Irish Times.
^"Mother Jones Remembered". Retrieved March 17,
^"Mother Jones festival begins today!". July 29,
^"Participate, Challenge, Community…Through Film".

.
^" National Mining Hall of Fame Inductees". Archived from the original on May 12, Retrieved April 2,
^"Information". . Archived from the original on July 19, Retrieved March 22,
^"Wheeling University". Wheeling University.
Mother mary harris jones images of flowers clip art Early in that year, Mary was attacked by a couple of thugs while staying at a friend's house. While Mary cradled his head, the delirious, dying miner thought she was his mother and called her such; the name stuck. Pittsburgh: Univesity of Pittsburgh Press, Commire, Anne, editor.
Archived from the original on February 3,
^State of West Virginia (). Marking Our Past: West Virginia's Historical Highway Markers. Charleston: West Virginia Division of Culture and History. p.&#;
^[Holly George-Warren, Public Cowboy no. 1]
^“An old-time negro spiritual When the Chariot Comes (B) was made by mountaineers into She’ll Be Comin’ Round the Mountain, and the song spread to railroad work gangs in the midwest in the s.” Sandburg, Carl, The American Songbag, 1st edition.

New York: Harcourt Brace, ): ^{[ISBN&#;missing]}
^Spiegel, Max. "The Charge on Mother Jones". Archived from the original on February 5, Retrieved April 30,
^"♫ Dishpan Brigade – Wishing Chair and Kara Barnard. Listen cdbaby".
^"Blossburg: William Bauchop Wilson: United Mine Workers of America".

.
^Denselow, Robin (December 23, ).
Mother mary harris jones images of flowers It first was sung in the late s, spread throughout Appalachia probably by coal miners , and was widely sung by railroad work gangs in the s. Mary Harris "Mother" Jones Collection. Note to the staff. Afterwards, she continued to lecture, as her health permitted.
"Andy Irvine: Abocurragh – review". The Guardian &#; via
^"Can't Scare Me". Kaiulani Lee.
^"New York Musical Festival&#;:: Events". .
^"". Archived from the original on August 16, Retrieved August 15,
^"'Victory at Arnot' – where Mother Jones and her 'pot-and-pan brigade won the day for the miners".
Mary harris jones: Jones played Mother not only to miners but also to children in the mills, railway men, women in garment factories, street car boys, and other laborers. Olive to document her life. This action, which the current archives staff does not endorse, was no doubt done because of her fame and centrality to the labor movement as well as the scarcity of extent Jones material. Her intensity was almost explosive when she began to speak; her listeners mostly men sat up, fully alert, and believed that together they could do anything.
Boston Irish. March 1,
^Rabinowitz, Chloe (December 7, ). "The Elite Theatre Company To Present THE TRIAL OF MOTHER JONES This Winter". Broadwayworld.
^Lorraine, Shirley (January 24, ). "Elite Spotlights Hidden History". Ventura Breeze.

Primary sources

Jones, Mary Harris ().

The Autobiography of Mother Jones. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co. ISBN&#;.
Colman, Penny (). Mother Jones Speaks. Brookfield, Connecticut: The Millbrook Press. ISBN&#;.
Corbin, David (). Gun Thugs, Rednecks, and Radicals: A Documentary History of the West Virginia Mine Wars. Oakland: PM Press.